See kalunga on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
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"Kongo",
"kalunga#Kongo"
],
[
"kalunga",
"kalunga#Kimbundu"
]
],
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"2": "kg,kmb",
"3": "kalunga<t:sea>"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "ka'lunga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"2": "noun"
},
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{
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{
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"parents": [],
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"name": "Nature",
"orig": "gul:Nature",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "66 1 3 2 1 1 1 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"sea"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-gul-noun-SmnxnIwm",
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/kʌ.lu.ŋə/"
}
],
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}
{
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-dʊ̀nga"
],
[
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[
"oceano",
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]
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{
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "kalunga",
"t": "sea, death"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "oceano",
"3": "",
"4": "immensity, infinity"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀nga (“to put straight, right”). Cognate with Kongo kalunga (“sea, death”). Compare the adjectival semantic development of Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalúnga class 9",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jikalunga",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "noun",
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"cat3": "",
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"g": "c9",
"head": "kalúnga"
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "9",
"2": "kalúnga"
},
"expansion": "kalúnga class 9 (plural jikalunga)",
"name": "kmb-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kimbundu",
"lang_code": "kmb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A divine or supernatural entity in Bantu cosmology that manifests as a force of nature, especially one associated with the sea and death."
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-tpYvSyJR",
"links": [
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"Bantu",
"Bantu"
],
[
"cosmology",
"cosmology"
]
]
},
{
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
84
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
73,
78
]
],
"english": "And free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.",
"ref": "1980, O Mikanda Ikola, Sociedade Bíblica de Angola, accessed at Bible.com, translation of The New Testament, Jihebeleu 2:15:",
"text": "Phala a kudile ió oso tunde kia a vuala, hanji a xikama mu ubhika ua hele ia kalunga.",
"translation": "And free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-UsjgKYfM",
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"void, abyss"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-ro~ODDNk",
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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68,
75
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],
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[
69,
72
]
],
"english": "The man who approaches with reason is like one who swims in the open sea out there: …",
"ref": "2023 November 9, Carlos Alberto Alves, Ngola Kifwa Kilunji Kyala Hanji Ni Mwenyu, Chiado Editorial, →ISBN, page 60:",
"text": "Odiyalodyo dyamuzukamene ni ixinganeku kala wamuzowa mu dikanga dya kalunga kwenyoko: [...]",
"translation": "The man who approaches with reason is like one who swims in the open sea out there: …",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sea"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-SmnxnIwm",
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ocean"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-R6-tYSsf",
"links": [
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 8 17 2 8 2 1 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kimbundu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"Excellency"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-noun-uwJpRUqD",
"links": [
[
"Excellency",
"Excellency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Excellency"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kà.lú.ᵑɡà/"
}
],
"word": "kalunga"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calunga"
}
],
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[
"*-dʊ̀nga",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-dʊ̀nga"
],
[
"kalunga",
"kalunga#Kongo"
],
[
"oceano",
"oceano#Portuguese"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "*-dʊ̀nga<t:to put straight, right>"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kg",
"2": "kalunga",
"t": "sea, death"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "oceano",
"3": "",
"4": "immensity, infinity"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀nga (“to put straight, right”). Cognate with Kongo kalunga (“sea, death”). Compare the adjectival semantic development of Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalúnga",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adj",
"head": "kalúnga"
},
"expansion": "kalúnga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kimbundu",
"lang_code": "kmb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"immeasurable, infinite"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-adj-6~rtdALB",
"links": [
[
"immeasurable",
"immeasurable"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"great, distinguished, renowned"
],
"id": "en-kalunga-kmb-adj-GTUl4ERZ",
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"renowned",
"renowned"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kà.lú.ᵑɡà/"
}
],
"word": "kalunga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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[
"Kongo",
"kalunga#Kongo"
],
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"kalunga",
"kalunga#Kimbundu"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "kg,kmb",
"3": "kalunga<t:sea>"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Kongo and Kimbundu kalunga (“sea”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka'lunga",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kalunga",
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}
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"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gullah entries with incorrect language header",
"Gullah lemmas",
"Gullah nouns",
"Gullah terms derived from Kimbundu",
"Gullah terms derived from Kongo",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gul:Nature"
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"sea"
],
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[
"sea",
"sea"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/kʌ.lu.ŋə/"
}
],
"word": "kalunga"
}
{
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"Kimbundu class 9 nouns",
"Kimbundu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kimbundu lemmas",
"Kimbundu nouns",
"Kimbundu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Kimbundu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-dʊ̀nga",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-dʊ̀nga"
],
[
"kalunga",
"kalunga#Kongo"
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[
"oceano",
"oceano#Portuguese"
]
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{
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kg",
"2": "kalunga",
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},
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "oceano",
"3": "",
"4": "immensity, infinity"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀nga (“to put straight, right”). Cognate with Kongo kalunga (“sea, death”). Compare the adjectival semantic development of Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalúnga class 9",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jikalunga",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"3": "plural",
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"g": "c9",
"head": "kalúnga"
},
"expansion": "kalúnga class 9 (plural jikalunga)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "9",
"2": "kalúnga"
},
"expansion": "kalúnga class 9 (plural jikalunga)",
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}
],
"lang": "Kimbundu",
"lang_code": "kmb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A divine or supernatural entity in Bantu cosmology that manifests as a force of nature, especially one associated with the sea and death."
],
"links": [
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
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"Bantu",
"Bantu"
],
[
"cosmology",
"cosmology"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kimbundu terms with quotations"
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
84
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
73,
78
]
],
"english": "And free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.",
"ref": "1980, O Mikanda Ikola, Sociedade Bíblica de Angola, accessed at Bible.com, translation of The New Testament, Jihebeleu 2:15:",
"text": "Phala a kudile ió oso tunde kia a vuala, hanji a xikama mu ubhika ua hele ia kalunga.",
"translation": "And free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"death"
],
"links": [
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"void, abyss"
],
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kimbundu terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
75
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"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
69,
72
]
],
"english": "The man who approaches with reason is like one who swims in the open sea out there: …",
"ref": "2023 November 9, Carlos Alberto Alves, Ngola Kifwa Kilunji Kyala Hanji Ni Mwenyu, Chiado Editorial, →ISBN, page 60:",
"text": "Odiyalodyo dyamuzukamene ni ixinganeku kala wamuzowa mu dikanga dya kalunga kwenyoko: [...]",
"translation": "The man who approaches with reason is like one who swims in the open sea out there: …",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sea"
],
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ocean"
],
"links": [
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kimbundu dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Excellency"
],
"links": [
[
"Excellency",
"Excellency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Excellency"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kà.lú.ᵑɡà/"
}
],
"word": "kalunga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kimbundu adjectives",
"Kimbundu class 9 nouns",
"Kimbundu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kimbundu lemmas",
"Kimbundu nouns",
"Kimbundu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Kimbundu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calunga"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-dʊ̀nga",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-dʊ̀nga"
],
[
"kalunga",
"kalunga#Kongo"
],
[
"oceano",
"oceano#Portuguese"
]
],
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{
"args": {
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"3": "*-dʊ̀nga<t:to put straight, right>"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "kalunga",
"t": "sea, death"
},
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "oceano",
"3": "",
"4": "immensity, infinity"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀nga (“to put straight, right”). Cognate with Kongo kalunga (“sea, death”). Compare the adjectival semantic development of Portuguese oceano (“immensity, infinity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalúnga",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "kmb",
"2": "adj",
"head": "kalúnga"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kimbundu",
"lang_code": "kmb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"immeasurable, infinite"
],
"links": [
[
"immeasurable",
"immeasurable"
],
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"great, distinguished, renowned"
],
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"renowned",
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]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kà.lú.ᵑɡà/"
}
],
"word": "kalunga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalunga meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.